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A. Chandramuki , Pratima Nayak , S. K. Shankar , T. Vasudev Rao , S. Chatterjee , S. Jain , R. Srinivasa Murthy

Abstract

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S. Patra ¹, S. Chatterjee ², C. Chatterjee ³, T. Biswas ³, G. Mitra ⁴

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College;Burdwan Medical College, IN
2 Dept of Neurosurgery, Medical College Kolkata, IN
3 Dept. of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, IN
4 Dept. of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, IN

Abstract

The changing trends in infection trends of two most important mosquito borne members - Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus, and Dengue virus, were studied, in the rice-belt area of West Bengal (a JE endemic zone). Objective of the study was to demonstrate the changing trends in flaviviridae infection, namely JE and Dengue virus, following a major vaccination drive Flaviviridae family- Dengue virus.

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S. Pal ¹, S. Chatterjee ¹, K. S. Chakrabarty ¹, S. Chatterjee ², C. Chatterjee ³, S. Ghosh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Neurosurgery, Medical college, Kolkata, IN
2 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, IN
3 Dept. of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, IN
4 Dept. of Neurosurgery, I.P.G.M.E.R, S.S.K.M & BIN, Kolkata, IN

Abstract

The incidence of paediatric head injury is growing larger day by day due to various reasons in this era of mechanisation. We tried to evaluate the various aspects of head injury in children like incidence, severity, its clinical and radiological correlation, fatality and outcome etc. in our Institute IPGME&R, Kolkata. One third of total head injured patients were in paediatric age group in our study and it was evident that early evaluation of the injured child with CT scan and referral to neurosurgical centre can save many lives.

Keywords

Head Injury, Children, Neurosurgery

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P. Mukherjee ¹, C. Chatterjee ², S. Chatterjee ³, K. S. Chakravarty ⁴, S. Chatterjee ⁵, G. D. Mitra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Midnapur Medical College, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, IN
3 Neurosurgery, R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, IN
4 Neurosurgery, Medical College, Kolkata, IN
5 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is prevalent in West Bengal along with other Flaviviruses like Dengue and Chikungunya. Burdwan and adjacent district Bankura were reported to be a highly endemic zone for JE having had an outbreak in the 70's. Under this situation, a vaccination programme was conducted in several districts of West Bengal in a phased manner by the Government from 2006 to 2009. This survey was done to assess the recent status of JE in Burdwan and adjacent areas in the post vaccination era. The seroprevalence of JE was assessed by MAC- ELISA in serum and CSF specimens obtained from Acute Encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted in Medicine and Paediatric Departments of the hospital. This study reported a 7.04% seroprevalence of JE among AES cases in 2011-2012; whereas previous studies conducted in the country reported 53.7% seroprevalence of JE, by AC Phukan et al. in Assam, North-East India (2000-2002); 47.1% in Assam by Jani Borah et al. (2008-2010) and 26% in India by Penny Lewthwaite in 2010. There was significant reduction in the seroprevalence of JE after vaccination. But there were still some pockets of low or no vaccination coverage from where sporadic and seasonal localized outbreaks were reported. A uniform and complete vaccination programme is still needed in this state.

Keywords

Japanese Encephalitis, JE, AES.

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S. Pal ¹, S. Chattopadhyay ¹, K. S. Chakrabarty ¹, D. Basu ¹, S. Ghosh ², S. Chatterjee ³

Affiliations
1 Medical College, WB University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, IN
2 Bangur Institute of Neuroscience, WB University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, IN
3 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

The most common incomplete cervical spinal injury is central cord syndrome. As defined by Schneider et al in 1954, there is disproportionately greater motor deficit in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs. In this prospective study, 26 in-patients with cervical spine injury with greater motor loss in the upper limbs following the injury were selected. Based on clinical status and radiological findings, 19 were operated upon. Results at 6 weeks and 6 month follow up are discussed. Overall, the results of surgery in these cases were rewarding.

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K. S. Chakravarty ¹, S. Chatterjee ², S. Pal ¹, S. Chatterjee ³, C. Chatterjee ⁴

Affiliations
1 Medical College, Kolkata, IN
2 R.G. Kar. Medical college, Kolkata, IN
3 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, IN
4 Dept. of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, IN

Abstract

Fourteen patients admitted with intramedullary spinal cord tumours and operated at Medical College, Kolkata, during a five year period from January 2008. Five tumours were radically resected, 9 partially excised. Radiation therapy was advised post-operatively to all patients. There was no post-operative mortality. Three patients developed wound infection. Postoperative clinical assessment between four to eight weeks after surgery showed that 4 out of 14 patients improved, 6 remained unchanged, while 4 had worsening of deficits. Immediate post-operative assessment, however, was less encouraging. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 36 months after discharge from hospital. The indicators of radical excision were good tumour-cord interface, presence of syringomyelia and histology of benign lesions. One patient had recurrence of tumour.

Keywords

Intamedullary Tumours, Neuro-Spinal Surgery.

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S. Chatterjee ¹, H. B. Bohidar ¹

Affiliations
1 Polymer and Biophysics Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, IN

Abstract

Rheology studies, on aqueous gelatin gels, were performed below gelation temperature (T_g ≈ 28°C) in the temperature range, T= 5-25°C as a function of NaCl concentration (0.01-0.1M). In the low frequency domain and at a given temperature, both the storage (G') and loss (G") modulii exhibited power-law frequency dependence, G' ∼ ω^0.02±0.005 and G" ∼ ω^0.8±0.2. The network size, ξ estimated from low-frequency relaxation modulus, G₀ ≈ K_BT/ξ³ increased three fold as the temperature was increased from 5 to 25°C indicating thermal swelling of the network. The strain peaks were observed to shift to higher frequency as the temperature was lowered. Higher salt concentration had the same effect on the gel as higher temperature.

Keywords

Rheology, Gelatin Gels, Subgel Temperature, Viscoelastic Properties.

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M. Rana ¹, S. Chatterjee ¹, S. Kochhar ¹, B. M. J. Pereira ¹

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247 667, Uttaranchal, IN

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides are primarily concerned with the innate host defense mechanism and distributed in almost all forms of life. Over the years, several such peptides have been isolated, purified and characterized from the digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts of mammals. These small peptides are coded by genes, the expression of which is regulated by several factors such as hormones, injury, chemical and microbial insults. Our understanding about these peptides has improved over the years and is now possible to commercially produce them in bioreactors on a mass scale. Until now, it has not been demonstrated that microbes acquire resistance to these peptides. Besides, being part of the innate immune system, problems of toxicity are rarely encountered making antimicrobial peptides potential substitutes for antibiotics. These unique peptides are now used as drugs in treatment of inflammatory diseases, as prophylaxis for neutropenic patients, and even in the treatment of septic shock. Due to their compatibility with the digestive tract of animals they have also been tried as food preservatives. Recently, there is an increasing body of evidence to show that peptides isolated from the reproductive tracts could serve dual roles of regulating fertility and preventing sexually transmitted infections. This review consolidates the advancements made in this area of research and development.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Peptides, Microbicide, Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI), Spermicide, Vaginal Contraceptive.

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P. K. Banerjee ¹, S. Goswami ¹, S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Oceanography, Jadavpur University, Calcutta - 700 032, IN

Abstract

Linear mounds of sands, spread over 400 km² in the Balasore-Contai floodplain and aligned parallel as well as close to the shoreline are not past strandline markers. It is suggested that these are compound products of fluviatile deposits capped by aeolian accumulations during late Holocene, albeit undated, arid intervals. The mounds were stabilished by soil and vegetation cover and are presently under anthropogenic attack.

Keywords

Oceanography, Quaternary, Floodplain, W. Bengal, Orissa.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 C.M.P.O., Calcutta, IN

Abstract

Calcutta with its surrounding region was one of the endemic foci of Cholera for a pretty long-time. This disease abruptly eruputs especially during the summer, spreads with strange alacrity and plays havoc with human lives. Insanitary environmental condition and the deterioration of quality and quantity of drinking water accelerate epidemicity and endemicity of asiatic Cholera and other water-borne diseases. In 1884 Dr. Robert Koch had to come from Berlin down to Calcutta (at the invitation of British Government) to investigate into and find out etiological agent for the cause of Cholera. He went even upto Jessore where the scourge of mortality rate from Cholera was then abnormally high. Fortunately, he was able after culture to isolate under his microscope the germ of Cholera-comma bacilli, i.e Cholera vibriofrom the stool of the cholera infected person. His hypothesis stood the test of time.

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S. Chatterjee

Abstract

pH is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration. Hydrogen ion-concentration is an expression of the intensity factor of acidic or alkaline properties of a solution as opposed to the quantity factors, acidity and alkalinity.

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S. Barman ¹, S. Chatterjee ¹, S. K. Naskar ¹, R. Sen ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durgapur-713209, IN

Abstract

At present manufacturing sectors are capable to produce complex components within small tolerance zone in the tune of nano-range at one machining center due to vast advancement of digital electronics and microprocessor. To measure those components high resolution measuring equipment are needed both for linear and angular measurement. For small angle measurement, in the sub-second range, micro-optic auto-collimator or micro-optic angle dekker are used. The performance of these measuring systems are not perfectly accurate due to the error in measuring scale which will change over time to time due to wear, damage and effect of environmental conditions. Analysis of these errors using a laser measurement system provides the user with a way to achieve better accuracy and hence higher quality output from measuring process. In this communication, an innovative technique to measure the angular scale error of auto-collimator and angle dekker by a laser interferometer calibration system has been discussed and the performance accuracy of those equipment has been verified.

Keywords

Auto-Collimator, Angle Dekker, Laser Interferometer, Angular Error Measurement.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 C.M.P.O., IN

Abstract

Machine-types of.
A machine is a contrivance derived by a combination of various components designed to perform certain rational movements for energy conversion or performance of useful works.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organisation, IN

Abstract

Of all the marvels of the modern world which impart enduring effect on human mind, an amazingly beautiful and massive bridge flung across the torrential stream or mighty river demands more attention and admiration from the public. A bridge may be defined in many ways. The bridge is a structure which covers a gap. Generally bridges carry a highway or a railway across a river, canal or another railway.

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S. Chatterjee

Abstract

Now commences the Second All India Conference on Engineering Materials & Equipment in this renowned hall of Rabindra Sadan. At the outset I like to record the deep sense of sorrow on the sudden demise of B.B. Ghosh, the former Adviser to the Governor of West Bengal and Chairman, C.M.D.A who gave enthusiastic support to this All India Conference on Engineering Materials & Equipment held last year.

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S. Chatterjee

Abstract

I must not call it a vote of thanks, rather I should call it a vote of acknowledgements. Because our function has just been inaugurated. We are yet to cover lot of items and in arranging those we shall have to move hand in Rand with our collaborators and patrons. In this vote of acknowledgements I shall only mention the names of the organisation, individuals who have helped us and are still helping to make this Conference a success.

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S. Chatterjee

Abstract

In this technical session we are scheduled to discuss very important sector of human necessities-the production of more food from the soil. From the dawn of civilization, wells are playing a very important role. This has been specifically recorded in Rikh Veda, the oldest literature available to date, wherein it is mentioned.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organisation, IN

Abstract

For the maintenance of health and sanitation of a community it is desirable to dispose of sewage i.e. waste-water in a sanitary manner. The primary object of sewage treatment is the protection of public health in addition to aesthetic, economical and recreational considerations and also to meet the demand for cleaner stream. In order to convey sewage from individual household to the sewage treatment plant it is essential to lay network of pipe lines with proper grade, size and slope. The reticulation system to carry the sewage or wastewater is called sewerage system and the individual pipe lines are called sewers.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organisation, IN

Abstract

To establish the design criteria for a system design for sewerage of a particular area it is necessary to know some essential things relating to the preparation of Project Reports or Master plan.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organisation, IN

Abstract

I heartily welcome you on the last session (S-4) of the three day seminar on Engineering Materials and Equipment, 1970. During the last two days you have heard many erudite scholars who presented their very valuable papers, learned chief guests and chairmen. We have covered engineering materials concerned with masonry works, cement products, paints and coating, waterproofing compounds, treatment plant works, grouting materials, corrosion prevention, etc.

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S. Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organisation, IN

Abstract

In the development programme in the State of West Bengal there was a provision of Rs. 322 crores for the IVth Plan period. Out of the total amount, Rs. 43.44 crores was earmarked for the development of CMD. With the advent of the President’s Rule and through the earnest effort of the Principal Adviser to the Governor of West Bengal, provision for Calcutta Metropolitan development has been escalated to about Rs. 150 crores, i. e. more than three times of the original provision. In the past many exercises were made for preparation of IVth Plan programme amounting elose to Rs. 100 crores. Then it was reduced to Rs. 80 crores and subsequently brought .down to Rs. 50 crores of rupees which was finalised at Rs. 43.44 crores. To remove the past backlog in civic services and to take up their improvement and extension for essential civic amenities at modest modern standard, detailed programme has been adopted to take up the works. Primary emphasis has been given to environmental sanitation aspect of the programme, traffic and transportation, massive bustee improvement, new area development and medical and education facilities in relatively smaller magnitude.

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Arindam Guha ¹, Debashish Chakraborty ², A. B. Ekka ², Kaushik Pramanik ², K. Vinod Kumar ¹, S. Chatterjee ², S. Subramanium ¹, D. Ananth Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad - 500 037, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700 016, IN

Abstract

Recent developments in sensor technology have given an onset for studying the earth surface features based on the detailed spectroscopic observation of different rocks and minerals. The spectroscopic profiles of the rocks are always quite different than their constituent minerals however, the spectral profile of a rock can be broadly reconstituted from the spectral profile of each constituent minerals. Interpretation of rock spectra using the spectra of constituent minerals based on relative spectral matching can bring out interesting information on the rock. Present study is an effort toward this and it highlights how visible-near infrared-shortwave-infrared (VNIR-SWIR) rock spectroscopy acts as an useful tool for understanding the rock-mineralogy in indirect and rapid way. It has also been observed that spectral signatures of rocks; studied in present case, are related to spectral signatures of constituent minerals although absorption features of constituent mineral in the rock are also modified by the other minerals juxtaposed in the rock fabric. However, each rock of the study area has their significant absorption features, but many of the absorption signatures are closely spaced, as altered rock has significant absorption at 2305 nm whereas amphibolite has its important absorption signature in 2385 nm and metabasalt has its significant absorption at 2342 nm. Therefore spectral measurement of high spectral resolution with appreciable signal to noise ratio (SNR) only can detect rocks from each other based on the absorption signatures mentioned above (each of which is 10 to 20 nm apart from the other) and therefore spectroscopy of rock is an innovative technique to map rocks and minerals based on the spectral signatures.

Keywords

Rock Fabric, Spectroscopy, Spectral Matching, Spectral Resolution.

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Nisith Kr Das ¹, S. Chatterjee ²

Affiliations
1 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, IN
2 Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, IN

Abstract

Optimization Calculations for Neutron Production Target at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata with 50 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator

Keywords

Electron Beam, Linear Accelerator, Monte Carlo Code, Optimization Calculations, Photo-neutron.

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